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| 1260 |
| | | The Bohemian prince Otakar II, ruler also of Austria, extends his territories after defeating the Hungarians at Kressenbrunn | |
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| 1260 |
| | | Kublai Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, is elected Great Khan of the Mongols | |
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| 1260 |
| | | At Ayn Jalut, near Nazareth, the Egyptian Mamelukes defeat the Mongol army of Hulagu - the first military setback for the Mongols | |
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| 1262 |
| | | The Norwegian king, Haakon IV, annexes Iceland as his personal fief, bringing to an end the commonwealth established in AD 930 | |
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| 1263 |
| | | Pope Urban IV offers Sicily to a French prince, Charles of Anjou, who marches south in 1266 to fight for the kingdom | |
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| 1263 |
| | | A Scottish victory over the Norwegians at Largs results in the recovery of the western isles | |
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| 1264 |
| | | Kublai defeats his brother Ariq Böge and thus establishes his position as Great Khan of the Mongols | |
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| 1264 |
| | | Simon de Montfort, leading the barons in rebellion, captures Henry III and his son Edward at Lewes | |
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| c. 1265 |
| | | Hulagu and his Mongol descendants rule Persia as Il-khans, subordinate to the great khan in the east | |
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| 1265 |
| | | Prince Edward, escaping from captivity, defeats and kills Simon de Montfort at Evesham | |
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